Multifunctional Chemical Molecular Structure Model Kit (Molecular Ball-and-Stick + Atomic Orbital 2-in-1 Model)

Model:

Multifunctional Chemical Molecular Structure Model Kit (Molecular Ball-and-Stick + Atomic Orbital 2-in-1 Model)

Applicable Scope:

Junior high school chemistry, high school "Structure and Properties of Matter," organic chemistry, and college basic chemistry teaching demonstrations and student group experiments. One set simultaneously includes ball-and-stick atomic models and hybrid orbital (electron cloud lobe) models, covering both molecular skeletons and atomic orbitals.

Principle:

Ball-and-stick part: Plastic balls of different colors represent various atoms, and connecting rods represent chemical bonds (single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds). They can be freely assembled and disassembled to build three-dimensional structures of inorganic molecules, organic molecules, and biological macromolecules. Orbital model part: Colored lobe-shaped components represent atomic orbitals (s, p orbitals), and can be assembled into sp, sp2, sp3 hybrid orbitals, visually displaying the spatial shapes of electron clouds and the principle of orbital overlap and bonding. Color Correspondence to Atoms (Industry Standard) Black: Carbon atom C White: Hydrogen atom H Red: Oxygen atom O Blue: Nitrogen atom N Yellow: Sulfur atom S Green: Chlorine atom Cl Purple: Phosphorus atom P Types of Models That Can Be Built Inorganic small molecules: H2O, CO2, NH3, HCl, etc. Organic molecules: Methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, ethanol, acetic acid, and other hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives Biological molecules: Amino acids, polypeptides, and other basic biological macromolecules Hybrid orbital models: sp3 tetrahedral, sp2 trigonal planar, sp linear hybrid orbitals, for intuitive understanding of σ bonds and π bonds

Product Features:

2-in-1 combination set, simultaneously equipped with atom balls, chemical bond connecting rods, and s/p orbital lobe components. One teaching aid set achieves both molecular structure + hybrid orbital teaching; Plastic material, component holes adapt to different bonding numbers, connecting rods are pluggable, easy to assemble and disassemble; Dimensions: 24 × 16.7 × 7 cm; Weight: 926 g Comes with a storage box with instructions, components stored by category, and includes a parts list card for easy counting; Solves teaching difficulties: It can both display the connection relationships between atoms in molecules and demonstrate the spatial distribution of electron cloud orbitals, suitable for explaining hybridization and the mechanism of covalent bond formation. Core Functions Organic Molecule Construction Alkanes: Use sp3 carbon (black, 4 holes) and hydrogen (white) to build methane, ethane – display tetrahedral geometry. Alkenes/Alkynes: Combine sp2 carbon (black, 3 holes) with p orbitals (purple/pink) to demonstrate π bond formation (e.g., planar ethylene, linear acetylene). Aromatic hydrocarbons: Assemble benzene rings using sp2 carbon (black, 3 holes) and simulate delocalized π bonds with long bonds (gray). Functional groups: Oxygen (red) for hydroxyl (–OH) and carbonyl (C=O); nitrogen (blue) for amino (–NH2) and nitro (–NO2). Inorganic Molecules and Complexes Water (H2O): Oxygen (red, 2 holes, 105°) connected to hydrogen (white) – shows bent shape. Ammonia (NH3): Nitrogen (blue, 4 holes) connected to three hydrogens – simulates trigonal pyramidal shape. Metal complexes: Silver metal atoms (6 holes, 90°) with ligands (e.g., Cl-, NH3) to build octahedral (e.g., [Fe(CN)6]3-) or square planar (e.g., [PtCl4]2-) structures. Hybrid Orbitals and Molecular Geometry Compare bond angles (180°, 120°, 109°28′) and their effects on molecular shape using carbon atoms with different hole counts (sp, sp2, sp3). Use p-orbital components to demonstrate how unhybridized p orbitals in sp2 hybridization form π bonds (e.g., C=O double bond in formaldehyde).

Assembly Steps:

Select target molecule: Choose the molecular structure based on teaching needs (e.g., ethanol: CH3CH2OH). Pick atom spheres: Select 2 carbon (sp3, black, 4 holes), 1 oxygen (red, 2 holes), and 6 hydrogen (white) atoms. Connect atoms: Use medium bonds (off-white) for C–C, C–H, and C–O single bonds. For double bonds (e.g., acetaldehyde), use long bonds (gray) for C=O and add p orbitals (purple) to simulate the π bond. Adjust configuration: Align atoms according to bond angles (e.g., 109°28′ for sp3 carbon) to ensure accurate spatial structure. Disassemble and store: Use the disassembly tool to separate components and return them to the appropriate compartments in the plastic box by color and type.

Application Scenarios:

Classroom demonstration: Explaining covalent bonds, hybrid orbitals, molecular spatial configurations, and three-dimensional structures of organic compounds; Student group experiments: Hands-on construction of molecular and orbital models, understanding σ bonds, π bonds, and molecular stereoisomerism; Competition/extended teaching: Used for high school chemistry electives and college general chemistry introductory teaching.