Chemical Molecular Structure Ball-and-Stick Model

Model:

Chemical Molecular Structure Ball-and-Stick Model

Product Introduction:

Name: Chemical Molecular Structure Ball-and-Stick Model Application: Teaching demonstration and group student experiments for junior high school chemistry, senior high school organic/inorganic chemistry, and basic university chemistry courses. Principle: Plastic spheres of different colors represent different atoms, and connecting short rods represent chemical bonds (single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds). The model can be freely disassembled and assembled to build the three-dimensional spatial structures of various molecules. Dimensions: 24×16.7×7 cm; Weight: 933 g Color Coding for Atoms (Industry Standard) Black: Carbon (C) White: Hydrogen (H) Red: Oxygen (O) Blue: Nitrogen (N) Purple: Phosphorus (P)

Constructible Molecule Types:

Inorganic molecules: H2O, CO2, NH3, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. Small organic molecules: methane, ethylene, acetylene, ethanol, acetic acid, benzene Complex organic /biomolecules: amino acids, polypeptides, simple carbohydrates, heterocyclic compounds Demonstratable concepts: Carbon chain isomerism, cis-trans isomerism, chiral carbon atoms, molecular spatial configurations

Product Features:

Made of plastic. Pre-drilled holes on atomic spheres; connecting rods are pluggable for easy assembly and disassembly. Atomic spheres are manufactured with different numbers of holes to match the bonding capacity of atoms (carbon: 4 bonds, oxygen: 2 bonds, hydrogen: 1 bond). The whole set is stored in a plastic storage box; atomic spheres and connectors are packed in separate bags (consistent with the photo of the storage box shown above). Helps overcome the difficulty of visualizing the 3D molecular structures from 2D structural formulas in textbooks. Suitable for classroom demonstrations and student group experiments.

Core Functions:

1.Biomolecule Construction: Amino Acids: Assemble the 20 standard amino acids (e.g., glycine, glutamic acid), displaying the amino group (-NH2), carboxyl group (-COOH), and side chain (R group). Nucleotides: Build the basic units of DNA/RNA (e.g., adenine nucleotide), demonstrating the phosphodiester bond linkage. Carbohydrates: Simulate monosaccharides (e.g., cyclic glucose), disaccharides (e.g., sucrose), and polysaccharides (e.g., helical starch). 2.Demonstration of Molecular Interactions: Hydrogen Bonds: Use weak connections between blue (N) and red (O) atoms to show base pairing in the DNA double helix (A-T, G-C). Hydrophobic Interactions: Use black carbon chains to simulate fatty acid tails, demonstrating the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes. 3.Enzyme-Substrate Binding: Adjust the spatial configuration of the models to demonstrate the "lock-and-key model" or "induced fit model" of the enzyme active center and substrate.

Assembly Steps:

1. Select Target Molecule: Choose the molecule to be constructed according to the manual (e.g., alanine). 2. Identify Atom Types: Select the corresponding atom spheres by color (e.g., black for C, red for O). 3. Connect Atoms: Single Bond: Insert the connecting rod into the holes of the atom spheres (e.g., use a short rod for a C-H bond). Double Bond: Use a long rod with a spring (e.g., for a C=O bond; the spring simulates the electron cloud overlap of the π bond). 4. Adjust Spatial Configuration: Adjust bond angles according to molecular geometry (e.g., tetrahedral, trigonal planar) such as the 109.5° bond angle for sp³ hybridized carbon atoms. 5. Assemble Macromolecules: Connect multiple small molecular units to construct protein secondary structures (e.g., α-helix, β-sheet) or the DNA double helix.

Application Scenarios:

1.Classroom Teaching: Demonstrate biomolecular structures (e.g., enzyme active centers, DNA replication) and metabolic pathways (e.g., key intermediates in glycolysis). 2.Student Experiments: Allow students to independently assemble amino acids and nucleotides to understand the formation of peptide bonds and phosphodiester bonds. 3. Research Assistance: Visualize binding sites between drug molecules and target proteins, aiding in molecular docking simulations.